Wilting (Wilt) of Plants in Uzbekistan

Abstract

Wilt disease in cotton has been a persistent challenge in Uzbekistan, exacerbated by prolonged monoculture and the evolving virulence of fungal pathogens. The primary pathogens identified are Verticillium dahliae Klebahn, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Atk.) Snyder et Hansen, and Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg. Our study isolated Fusarium verticillioides from infected "Bukhara-6" cotton, confirming its pathogenicity through gene sequencing. While Verticillium dahliae is less competitive in soil, agricultural practices and climate change have fostered the emergence of more virulent Fusarium oxysporum strains, significantly impacting medium- and fine-fibered cotton varieties (G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L.). The pathogens not only affect cotton but also crops like alfalfa, vegetables, melons, legumes, and fruit trees, posing a broader agricultural threat. Early infections in dense plantings result in up to 50% plant mortality, while later infections reduce yield and quality. Addressing these challenges requires innovative and energy-efficient agricultural technologies. Strengthening research on the pathogenicity of Verticillium and Fusarium fungi, alongside developing sustainable farming practices, is essential for combating wilt disease. This study underscores the importance of integrated disease management to safeguard crop productivity and food security in Uzbekistan, especially amidst climate change and population growth pressures.